Kunming – Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) Completes one year
KMGBF was adopted at the Convention on Biological Diversity’s (CBD) 15th Conference of Parties (CoP15).
It replaced Aichi Biodiversity Targets (time period 2011-2020).
- It is legally non-binding in nature.
The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) was adopted during the fifteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP 15) following a four year consultation and negotiation process.
This historic Framework, which supports the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals and builds on the Convention’s previous Strategic Plans, sets out an ambitious pathway to reach the global vision of a world living in harmony with nature by 2050. Among the Framework’s key elements are 4 goals for 2050 and 23 targets for 2030.
Key highlights of KMGBF
Four overarching goals for 2050:
♦ Halt human-induced species extinction
♦ Sustainable use of biodiversity
♦ Equitable sharing of benefits
♦ Closing the biodiversity finance gap of $700 billion per year.
It has set 23 Global Targets for 2030, it includes-
♦ 30 % conservation of land, sea, and inland waters,
♦ 30 % restoration of degraded ecosystems,
♦ Integration of biodiversity into policies,
♦ Halving the introduction of invasive species, etc.
source: Internet
Funding: Global Bidoversity Framework (GBF) Fund, a Special Trust Fund by Global Environment Facility (GEF).
♦ GEF was established at Rio Earth Summit (1992) and World Bank serves as the GEF Trustee.
Monitoring and Reporting: Countries to monitor and report progress every 5 years or less on a set of indicators.
Progress made by KMGBF:
It led to adoption of the Treaty on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity beyond Areas of National Jurisdiction (BBNJ).
About CBD
- It is an international legal instrument (ratified by 196 nations, including India).
- Adopted in 1992 at Rio Earth Summit (enforced in 1993).
- Key objective- Conservation and sustainable use of the biological diversity etc.
- Main Protocols:
♦ Nagoya Protocol on Access to Generic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising
from their Utilization.
♦ Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity.