World Health Organisation (WHO) released Global Tuberculosis (TB) Report, 2023
World Health Organization (WHO) released the Global Tuberculosis (TB)Report 2023 , which underscores the need for urgent action to eradicate the global TB epidemic by 2030, a goal embraced by all United Nations (UN) member states and the World Health Organization.
Key findings of Global TB Report 2023 : Global
- Reported global number of people newly diagnosed with TB was 7.5 million in 2022.
- TB remained the world’s second leading cause of death in 2022 after COVID-19.
- Net reduction of TB incidence from 2015- 2022 was 8.7% far from WHO End TB Strategy milestone
of 50% reduction by 2025. - Only about 2 in 5 people with drug resistant TB accessed treatment in 2022.
India’s findings in Global TB Report 2023
- India, Indonesia and Philippines collectively account for nearly 60% of reduction in number of people newly diagnosed with TB in 2020- 2021.
- India has 27% of world’s TB cases.
What is the TB?
- TB is caused by bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis which most often affects lungs (pulmonary TB).
- Most common medications to treat TB include isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide etc.
- Currently, Bacillle Calmette-Guerin is only licensed vaccine available for TB prevention.
- Spreads from person to person through air.
- TB Risk factors: Diabetes, HIV infection, Undernutrition, tobacco use.
Steps taken to prevent Tuberculosis in India
- National Strategic Plan for Tuberculosis Elimination 2017-2025.
- TB Mukt Panchayat Abhiyan Initiative.
- Nikshay Poshan Yojana for nutritional support to TB patients.
Drug-Resistant TB
- Multidrug Resistance TB (MDR): Resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin.
- Extensively drugresistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB): Resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, plus any fluoroquinolone andmat least one of three injectable second-line drugs.
- Totally drugresistan tuberculosis (TDR-TB): Resistant to all first- and secondline TB drugs